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However, if you have a choice, there are several things you should keep in mind.įirst, endnotes are best for providing citations and information about sources. Your professor or publisher may have a preference for either footnotes or endnotes. Like footnotes (which appear at the bottom of the page that references them), endnotes are indicated by a superscript number, which corresponds to their placement on the Notes page. FootnotesĮndnotes are references or explanations that are placed at the end of a text, such as an article, research paper, or book. To do so, you have several options, one of which is an endnote. If so, you’ll need to cite that source to give credit to its author or creator in order to avoid plagiarism. Hurl-Eamon, "The fiction of female dependence," 481.When you’re writing a nonfiction book, research paper, or article, chances are you’ve consulted at least one source to help you with your research. Jennine Hurl-Eamon, "The fiction of female dependence and the makeshift economy of soldiers, sailors, and their wives in eighteenth-century London," Labor History 49, no.4 (2008):481, doi:10.1080/00236560802376987Ģ.
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Husbands were expected to “maintain” their wives, and parish overseers prosecuted men who did not uphold their duty of giving wives sufficient food, clothing, and shelter for their survival. Though eighteenth-century wives were expected to contribute to the household coffers and the male breadwinner ideology did not take hold until the following century at the earliest, significant aspects of early modern culture presumed wifely dependence.
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Military wives are a window into a much larger issue in early modern labour history. Hurl-Eamon argues for the importance of studying the wives of soldiers, claiming that: Block quotations are immediately followed by a footnote/endnote. Do not put quotation marks around block quotations. Block quotations begin on a new line and are indented using the indent button. If you use a quotation that is longer than a hundred words (about 8 lines), set it off from the rest of your text as a block quotation.Hurl-Eamon argues for the importance of studying the wives of soldiers, claiming that they provide “a window into a much larger issue in early modern labour history.” 1 You must immediately follow it with a footnote/endnote. If you use a source’s exact words, this is referred to as a direct quotation.So.w hen in doubt, cite your source! Use Footnotes/Endnotes Immediately After Direct Quotations: It is well known that World War I began in 1914 and was triggered by the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand.ĭeciding what is common knowledge can be tricky. For example, the following would be considered common knowledge in history: However, information that is considered common knowledge within a discipline does not need a footnote. information or numerical data that is not common knowledge.ĩ.7 million soldiers were killed during World War I.someone else's ideas or arguments that you have paraphrased or summarized.When to Include a Footnote/Endnote When You Have Used Your Own Words, Use a Footnote/Endnote to Cite:
#Footnote vs. endnote format manual#
The guidelines for this style are published in the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers (University of Chicago Press, 2017). Check with your professor to see what he or she prefers. Many professors prefer that you use footnotes rather than endnotes. With few exceptions, you should use either footnotes or endnotes in your paper, not both. Footnotes and endnotes require you to include detailed information about each source as you cite it. Sometimes called “Chicago Style,” footnotes and endnotes are different from in-text citation methods (such as APA or MLA). What is Chicago Style (footnoting or endnoting)?